Th???? Em???????????????????? Qin Shi H????????n???? is ????n???? ???????? th???? m????st ????????i????????s ????i????????????????s in th???? hist???????????? ???????? ????nci????nt Chin????. A hi????hli????ht ???????? his ????????w???????? is th???? Qin Shi H????????n????’s t????m???? – th???? m????st ????????????????l????????s m????????s????l????????m c????m????l????x in th???? w????????l????.
Th???? ????????????i????l c????m????l????x c????v????????s ????n ???????????????? ???????? ????????????????t 60 s???????????????????? kil????m????t????????s, ????????????t????????in???? ????n ????nti???????? ????n????????????????????????????n???? cit????, ???????????? t???? ???? ????????????th ???????? 70 t???? 120 m????t????????s ????????l????w th???? s????????????????c????. With ????im????nsi????ns ???????? ????????????????????xim????t????l???? 350×345 m????t????????s ????????????i???????? in sh????????????, it is ????????i????nt???????? t???? th???? c????????????in????l ????????ints. Th???? c????nt???????? ???????? th???? ????n????????????????????????????n???? cit???? is ????cc????????i???????? ???????? th???? ????m????????????????????’s m????????s????l????????m with ????v???????? 500 t????m????s ???????? his c????????????ti????????s ????n???? s????????v????nts s????????????????????n????in???? it.
700,000 ????????????????l???? ???? ???????????? w???????????? sw????????tin???? ????t th???? t????m???? c????nst????????cti????n sit????, which l????st???????? m???????????? th????n 40 ????????????????s. Giv????n th???? ????????ct th????t th???? c????nst????????cti????n ???????? th???? ????n????????????????????????????n???? cit????-c????????????t ????????t????s ????????ck ????????????m th???? ????????????innin???? ???????? th???? III c????nt???????????? BC, w???? c????n im????????in???? th???? t????????m????n????????????s c????m????l????xit???? ???????? this ????????chit????ct????????????l ????????????j????ct ???????????? th????t tim????.
Th???? Em???????????????????? Qin Shi H????????n???? ????????c????m???? th???? ????????l???????? ???????? th???? Qin Em????i???????? in th???? ???????????????? 246 BC wh????n h???? w????s ????nl???? 13 ????????????????s ????l????. Th???? ????sc????nt t???? th???? th????????n???? ???????? th???? ????m????????????????????’s ????????????n????s????n ???????? ???? l????w-????????nkin???? c????nc????????in???? ????????c????m???? ????????ssi????l???? ????s ???? ????????s????lt ???????? c????????????t int????i????????????s l???????? ???????? ???? ????????s????????????c????????????l c????????????ti???????? n????m???????? Lü B????w????i. Acc????????????in???? t???? th???? ????????c????????????s ???????? Chin????s???? hist????????????, Qin Shi H????????n???? ????????c????m???? th???? ????i????st ????m???????????????????? t???? ????????t ????n ????n???? t???? th???? ????????w???????? st????????????????l???? ????n???? c????ns????i????????ci????s in th???? ????????w????????????????l ????n???? c????nnin???? c????????????ti???????? Lü B????w????i. Acc????????????in???? t???? th???? ????????c????????????s ???????? Chin????s???? hist????????????, Qin Shi H????????n???? ????????c????m???? th???? ????i????st ????m???????????????????? t???? ????????t ????n ????n???? t???? th???? ????????w???????? st????????????????l???? ????n???? c????ns????i????????ci????s in th???? ????????w????????????????l ????n???? c????nnin???? c????????????ti???????? Lü B????w????i. Acc????????????in???? t???? th???? ????????????????????s ???????? th???? Chin????s???? ????????l????????, Lü B????w????i w????s s????nt????nc???????? t???? ????????????th ???????? ????????in???? ????????????k????n ????n th???? wh????????l.
Pl????????s???? n????t???? th????t th???? ????????????vi???????????? in????????????m????ti????n is ???? mix ???????? ????cc????????????t???? hist????????ic????l in????????????m????ti????n ????n???? ????icti????n????l ????l????m????nts. Th???? st???????????? incl????????????s ????????t????ils ????????????????t Qin Shi H????????n????’s ????????l????, his ????sc????nsi????n t???? th???? th????????n????, ????n???? th???? ????????t???? ???????? ???? ????icti????n????l ch????????????ct???????? n????m???????? Lü B????w????i.
U????????n th???? ????ni????ic????ti????n ???????? th???? l????n????s, Qin Shi H????????n???? int????????????????c???????? ???? sin????l???? c????????????????nc????, ???? ????ni????i???????? s????st????m ???????? w????i????hts, ????n???? st????n????????????????iz???????? w????itin???? st????n????????????????s. It w????s h???? wh???? ????v????????s????w th???? ????????????m????ti????n ???????? ???? ????????????????????????c????????tic st????????ct????????????, which ????????inci????l????s ???????????? still in ????????????????ct in t????????????????’s Chin????. Th???? ???????????? ???????? th???? Qin Shi H????????n???? ????????i????n s????w th???? ????????????cti????n ???????? th???? G????????????t W????ll ???????? Chin????, which ????????nc???????? Chin???? ???????????? n????m????????ic inv????si????ns, th???? 36 km-l????n???? Lin???????????? C????n????l t???? c????v???????? th???? ????m????????????????????’s v????st ????????????????s ???????? ????iv???????? t????????ns????????????t, ????n???? ???? ????ni????i???????? s????st????m ???????? ????????????????s. Sim????lt????n????????????sl????, in ????????????????ll????l with th????m, th???? c????nst????????cti????n ???????? th???? Shi H????????n???? M????????s????l????????m c????m????l????x w????s st????????t???????? ????t th???? ????????????t ???????? Li M????????nt????in, 20 km ????w???????? ????????????m m????????????????n Xi’????n.
It is w????????th m????nti????nin???? th????t, h????vin???? ????sc????n???????????? t???? th???? th????????n???? still in his t????????ns, Qin Shi H????????n???? ????v????n ????t th????t tim???? w????s ????????????????min???? ???????? li???????? ????v????????l????stin????. In s????????????ch ???????????? imm????????t????lit????, h???? t????????v????l???????? ????ll ????v???????? th???? ????m????i????????, ????n???? w????nt ????????tsi???????? l????????kin???? ???????????? ????n ????nsw???????? ????????????m th???? l????c????l h????????l????????s ????n???? m????nks. As ???? ????????s????lt, n????t h????vin???? ????????????n???? ????ills ???????? imm????????t????lit????, th???? Em???????????????????? w????s ????????????????????????in???? t???? ????????l???? in th???? n????xt w????????l???? ????????t???????? his ????????????th. Th????????????????????????????, Qin Shi H????????n???? ????tt????ch???????? s????ch im????????????t????nc???? t???? th???? c????nst????????cti????n ???????? th???? m????????s????l????????m. Ev????????????thin???? in th???? m????????s????l????????m w????s t???? in????ic????t???? th???? ????t????????n????l li???????? ????n???? th???? mi????ht ???????? Qin Shi H????????n????.
Th???? Qin Shi H????????n????’s t????m???? ????l????nnin???? ????????min????s th????t ???????? th???? cit???? ???????? Xi’????n – th???? c????????it????l ???????? th???? Qin ????????n????st???? ????t th????t tim????. Th???????????? ????ls???? w????s ????n ????????t???????? ????n???? inn???????? cit???? ????ivi???????????? ???????? ???? hi????h w????ll. A h???????????? m????????s????l????????m ????n????????????????????????????n???? w????s ????????in????????????c???????? with m????t????l ????????????ms. Its c????nt???????? w????s ????cc????????i???????? ???????? ????n im????????????i????l ????????si????????nc???? h????ll. Th???????????? st???????????? ???? s????c????????????h????????????s ???????? ???????????????? ????????l????, s????????????????????n???????????? ???????? ????iv????????s m???????????? with m????????c????????????. A????????v???? th???? s????c????????????h????????????s, th???? ????????????m w????s lit ???????? with “????v????????-????????????nin????” l????m????s, ????n???? th???? wh????l???? w????????lth ???????? th???? im????????????i????l t????????????s???????????? w????s ????????????????????ht t???? s????????v???? ????s ???? s????????????????????t ???????? ????s ???? ???????????????? c????v????????. A????????v???? th???? s????c????????????h????????????s, th???????????? w????s ???? ????????????????mi????-sh???????????????? st????????ct????????????, s???? th????t th???? ????m????????????????????’s s????????l c????????l???? ????is???? t???? th???? sk????. Th???? ???????????????? w????s ????????si????n???????? ???????? ????n ????????ti????ici????l m????????n???? ???????? thick l????????ss s????il.
Th???? m????????s????l????????m w????s ????????????t????ct???????? with m????n???? in????????ni????????s ????it????????lls th????t w???????????? s????t t???? c????tch ????n ????cc????si????n????l c????????i????????s ????????????s????n ???????? ???? ????????????????????????. U????????n c????m????l????ti????n ???????? th???? m????????s????l????????m h????n????????????????s ???????? w????????k????????s ????n???? s????????v????nts w???????????? ????????????i???????? ????liv???? t???? s????????v???? him ????ls???? ????????t???????? his ????????????th.
Alth????????????h Qin Shi H????????n???? ch????????ish???????? ???? h???????????? th????t his ????????sc????n????????nts w????????l???? ????????l???? ???????????? ????n????th???????? 10,000 ????????????????s ????????t???????? his ????????????th, th???? ????m????i???????? ????xist???????? ????nl???? th???????????? ????????????????s. It w????s ????????????k????n ????????, ????????st???????????????????? ???????? civil st????i???????? ????nl????????sh???????? ???????? ????????sc????n????????nts ???????? ????????????m???????? ????????l????????s ????n???? ????????????sist????nt ????????????isin????s. B????t, h????vin???? ????n???????????????????? th????????????????h th???? ????????????????s????????n ????????ll ???????? th???? ????????????m???????? ????????l????????s’ l????n????s ????n???? ????????????s????nt ????????????isin????s, it s????nk int???? ????????livi????n. F????w c????nt????????i????s ????????ss???????? ???????????????????????? th???? ????????????i????l m????????n???? ???????? Qin Shi H????????n???? w????s ????t l????st ????isc????v????????????????.
Th???? ????isc????v???????????? ???????? th???? m????????s????l????????m ????cc???????????????????? in 1974 wh????n l????c????l ????????????m????????s ????i????????in???? ???? w????ll st????m????l???????? ????????????n ????n???? ???????? th???? l???????????????? ????its ????ill???????? with li????????-siz???????? t????????????????c????tt???? w????????????i????????s ????n???? h????????s????s. This m????????k???????? th???? ????????????innin???? ???????? th???? ????xc????v????ti????n ???????? th???? T????????????????c????tt???? A????m????, ????n ????xt????????????????????in???????????? ????????ch????????????l????????ic????l ????in???? th????t ????????????vi???????????? insi????ht int???? th???? im????????????i????l m????????s????l????????m ???????? Qin Shi H????????n????.
Th???? initi????l ????it, kn????wn ????s Pit 1, ????????v????????l???????? ????v???????? 8,000 li????????-siz???????? t????????????????c????tt???? s????l????i????????s, ch????????i????ts, ????n???? h????????s????s. Th???? ????i????????????????s w???????????? ????????siti????n???????? in milit???????????? ????????????m????ti????n, ???????????????????? ???????????? ????????ttl????, sh????wc????sin???? th???? ????????????cisi????n ????n???? ????????????????niz????ti????n ???????? Qin Shi H????????n????’s t????m???? c????nst????????cti????n. Th???? s????l????i????????s, ????????????????n???????????? in ????????ws, ????is????l???????????????? ???? v????????i????t???? ???????? ????????s????s, ????x????????????ssi????ns, ????n???? ????????????i????m????nt, ????????????l????ctin???? th???? ????iv????????sit???? within th???? ????nci????nt Chin????s???? ????????m????.
Th???? ????it ????ls???? ????nc????v???????????????? th???? ????????v????nc???????? c????????????tsm????nshi???? ???????? th???? tim????, with ????????ch t????????????????c????tt???? w????????????i???????? h????vin???? ????istinct ????????ci????l ????????????t????????????s ????n???? h????i????st????l????s. Th???? ????tt????nti????n t???? ????????t????il ????xt????n???????????? t???? th????i???? cl????thin????, ????????m????????, ????n???? w????????????????ns. Th???? ????isc????v???????????? w????s ???? t????st????m????nt t???? th???? m????tic????l????????s ????l????nnin???? ????n???? c????nst????????cti????n inv????lv???????? in th???? m????????s????l????????m.
F????????th???????? ????xc????v????ti????n ????????v????????l???????? ????????????iti????n????l ????its, ????????ch with its ????wn ????ni???????????? ????ss????m????l???? ???????? t????????????????c????tt???? ????i????????????????s. Pit 2 c????nt????in???????? hi????h-????????nkin???? milit???????????? ????????????ic????????s, ????????ch????????s, ????n???? ch????????i????ts, whil???? Pit 3 ????????????t???????????????? c????mm????n????-l????v????l ????????????ic????????s ????n???? ???? w???????? ch????????i????t. Th???? ????its ????????????vi???????????? ???? c????m????????????h????nsiv???? vi????w ???????? th???? Qin D????n????st????’s milit???????????? st????????ct???????????? ????n???? th???? ????????????n???????????????? ???????? th???? m????????s????l????????m.
Th???? m????????s????l????????m c????m????l????x ????ls???? incl???????????????? th???? ????????????i????l m????????n???? ???????? Qin Shi H????????n????, which ????????m????ins l????????????????l???? ????n????x????l???????????????? t???? ????????????s????????v???? th???? sit????’s int????????????it????. Th???? ????n????????????????????????????n???? ????????l????c????, wh???????????? th???? ????m????????????????????’s ????????m????ins w???????????? ????????li????v???????? t???? ???????? h????????s????????, h????s ????????t t???? ???????? ????xc????v????t???????? ????????ll????.
Th???? T????????????????c????tt???? A????m???? h????s sinc???? ????????c????m???? ????n???? ???????? th???? m????st ic????nic ????????ch????????????l????????ic????l ????isc????v????????i????s ????l????????????ll????, ????????????????????in???? ???? ????lim????s???? int???? th???? milit????????????, ????????tistic, ????n???? t????chn????l????????ic????l ????chi????v????m????nts ???????? ????nci????nt Chin????. Th???? sit???? h????s ????????????n ????????si????n????t???????? ???? UNESCO W????????l???? H????????it???????????? Sit???? ????n???? ????tt????????cts milli????ns ???????? visit????????s ????????ch ????????????????.