A vanished village, buried for centuries under the sands of time, is beginning to emerge in the coveted lowlands southwest of Jerusalem. In typical old-new Israeli fashion, the work of revitalizing Beit Lehi-Beit Loiya mixes Palestinian mudbrick with cutting-edge technology.
Projects are now putting the intriguing discoveries on view to the public online in 3D, brought to life by virtual reality.
First settled by Jews in approximately the late sixth century BCE, then abandoned and rebuilt by successive populations of pagans, Jews, Christians, and Muslims through the 13th or 14th century CE, the remains of Beit Lehi-Beit Loya were first discovered in 1899 by R.A.S. Macalister on behalf of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
The site went unexplored until the 1980s when Hebrew University archaeologist Yoram Tsafrir obtained funding from donors in Utah and uncovered the remains of a Byzantine church with intact mosaic floors.
Part of a church mosaic floor uncovered at Beit Lehi-Beit Loya. Photo by Gadi Laron.
But Tsafrir’s work then shifted to the vast Roman ruins at Beit She’an, and it wasn’t until 2005 that his former student Oren Gutfeld, now director of the Salvage Excavation Program at Hebrew University’s Institute of Archaeology, resumed exploring Beit Lehi-Beit Loya.
His work is sponsored by the Utah-based Beit Lehi Foundation and is assisted each spring by faculty and students from Utah Valley University led by professors Darin Taylor and Michael Harper.
Seven large dovecotes have been found at Beit Lehi-Beit Loya. Photo by Asaf Peretz.
“Beit Lehi” means the “house of the jawbone” and may refer to the biblical site where Samson slew a thousand Philistines with the jawbone of a donkey. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, based in Utah, believes this was the home of an Iron Age prophet named Lehi mentioned in the Book of Mormon. (The Israeli name for the site, “Beit Loya,” refers to a type of bird.)
Gutfeld says less than 20 percent of the large village has been excavated so far because access has been limited due to weaknesses, holidays, and other times when the military presence in the area is idle.
An aerial view of excavations at Beit Lehi-Beit Loya. Photo by David Silverman.
Already, however, there have been significant findings among the layers of successive settlements spanning close to 2,600 years. Advanced LiDAR (light detection and ranging) scans and 360-degree cameras have led to many revelations.
“We discovered one of the earliest mosques ever found in Israel, from the ninth century CE,” Gutfeld tells ISRAEL21c. “We’ve uncovered seven dovecotes, two of them with more than 1,100 niches; oil press facilities, an underground stable, a water system, quarries, and a Hellenistic-period dwelling with a watchtower, and three ritual baths.” The baths are decorated with graffiti of the seven-branched menorah that was lit daily in the Jewish Temple prior to its destruction by the Romans in 70 CE.
Even before Tsafrir’s initial excavations, it was clear that this region was rich in antiquities. Near Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park is filled with magnificent caves harboring evidence of its significance as a distinct capital for many of the years between the Iron Age and the Byzantine period.
In 1961, Hebrew University scholars identified seven sixth-century BCE Hebrew inscriptions in two ancient burial caves in this area, after they were accidentally revealed by road workers. One of them is the oldest inscription discovered thus far that mentions Jerusalem and the four-letter biblical name of God. These relics are housed at the Israel Museum.
Since then, Gutfeld’s team has discovered more than 50 inscriptions throughout the site in ancient Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic.